Mangu Ram Mugowalia and the Ad Dharm Movement: A Century of Dalit Assertion in Punjab

The Ad Dharm Movement, founded by Mangu Ram Mugowalia in June 1926, marked a century of Dalit assertion in Punjab, India. It challenged caste oppression by asserting Dalits' independent identity, history, and spiritual traditions. Drawing on Guru Ravidas's teachings, it transformed faith into political mobilization. Despite progress, landlessness and structural inequalities persist among Punjab's Dalits today.